Indoxyl Sulfate, a Tubular Toxin, Contributes to the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease
Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression via its tubulotoxicity. After cellular uptake, IS directly induces apoptotic and necrotic cell death of tubular cells. Additionally, IS increases oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant capacity, which are assoc...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artigo |
| Sprache: | Inglês |
| Veröffentlicht: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Schriftenreihe: | Toxins |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/11/684 |
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