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Identifying the therapeutic potential of niclosamide in overcoming IFN-gamma dependent cancer immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment

IntroductionTumor cells frequently develop immune resistance through interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–induced PD-L1 expression, acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC)–like features, and adaptation to hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although IFN-γ activates both STAT1 and STAT3, how these pathway...

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Main Authors: Yue Zhang, En Cai
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
cancer immunotherapy
cancer stem cells
IFN-γ
immune evasion
niclosamide
PD-L1
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1761715/full
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