The use of Ground Penetrating Radar and artificial intelligence for automated railway trackbed stratigraphy and Ballast Fouling assessment

Intrusive trenching and coring remain the reference for railway trackbed diagnosis but lack coverage and repeatability. This paper proposes a hybrid GPR–AI framework that automates the detection of dielectric interfaces and the estimation of ballast permittivity and thickness. Synthetic FDTD simulat...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliografische Detailangaben

Hauptverfasser:	Ernest Mbubia Tchoua, Jérôme Tissier, Antoine Martin, Yannick Fargier, Amine Ihamouten
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	Elsevier 2026-03-01
Schriftenreihe:	Transportation Engineering
Schlagworte:	Ballast layer GPR Step frequency Ballast Fouling
Online-Zugang:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666691X25001149
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