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Expression of Checkpoint Molecules in the Tumor Microenvironment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy

<i>Background</i>: The tumor microenvironment (TME) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) influences the immune environment. Checkpoint blockade is promising, but reliable biomarkers to predict response to treatment are still lacking. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: The levels of checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-...

Whakaahuatanga katoa

I tiakina i:
Ngā kaituhi matua: Lara Heij, Jan Bednarsch, Xiuxiang Tan, Mika Rosin, Simone Appinger, Konrad Reichel, Dana Pecina, Michail Doukas, Ronald M. van Dam, Juan Garcia Vallejo, Florian Ulmer, Sven Lang, Tom Luedde, Flavio G. Rocha, Shivan Sivakumar, Ulf Peter Neumann
Hōputu: Artigo
Reo:Inglês
I whakaputaina: MDPI AG 2023-03-01
Rangatū:Cells
Ngā marau:
cholangiocarcinoma
tumor microenvironment
checkpoint molecules
multiplexed imaging
immunotherapy
Urunga tuihono:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/6/851
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