Measuring nonverbal immediacy across learning modes: psychometric properties of the 12-item VINI Scale (virtual and interpersonal nonverbal immediacy)
Nonverbal immediacy, the set of communicative behaviors that reduce psychological distance between individuals, has been a cornerstone of instructional communication research for over half a century. However, the proliferation of online, hybrid, and blended learning environments has challenged tradi...
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| Principais autores: | , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2026-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Education |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acceso en liña: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1726842/full |
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