Modulating effects of microbiota on synbiotic intervention outcomes for microbiota-derived trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide and indoxyl sulfate in healthy young medical students: insights from a 12-week randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background Microbiota-derived metabolites, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), have been implicated in cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases. Synbiotic interventions are a promising strategy to modulate these metabolites, but their efficacy may vary depending on...

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Autori principali:	Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Anna Surówka, Sylwester Drożdżal, Kacper Lechowicz, Mariusz Buszman, Urszula Szkudlarek, Danuta Cembrowska-Lech, Konrad Podsiadło, Emilia Samborowska, Igor Łoniewski, Kazimierz Ciechanowski
Natura:	Artigo
Lingua:	Inglês
Pubblicazione:	BMC 2025-11-01
Serie:	Journal of Translational Medicine
Soggetti:	Synbiotic intervention Gut microbiota Food-derived toxins Personalized medicine
Accesso online:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-07345-x
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