The Effects of Chronic Opioid Therapy on Achalasia and the Upper Esophageal Sphincter

<b>Background:</b> The rise of opioid drug usage in the U.S. correlates with increasing recognition of gastrointestinal side effects, especially in the esophagus. The literature has recently noted that abnormalities in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) are a poor prognostic factor in Achalasia tr...

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Bibliografiske detaljer

Principais autores:	Joshua Kalapala, Promila Banerjee, Emma Schnittka, Christine Son, Jeff Leya, Stephen Sontag, Thomas Schnell, Bani Chander-Roland
Format:	Artigo
Sprog:	Inglês
Udgivet:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Serier:	Medical Sciences
Fag:	upper esophageal sphincter opioid achalasia esophageal dysmotility dysphagia
Online adgang:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/3/150
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