The effect of maternal BMI, smoking and alcohol on congenital heart diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study
Abstract Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) remain a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have explored maternal risk factors for offspring CHDs, but few have used genetic epidemiology methods to improve causal inference. Methods Three birth cohorts,...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artigo |
| Language: | Inglês |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02731-y |
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