Skin Drug Delivery Recommendation via Hybrid Poisson–Boltzmann Fermi Nernst Planck and Brinkman Framework

Abstract Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) offers a promising non-invasive alternative for controlled drug management, but its efficiency is limited by skin barrier properties. Iontophoresis is an external augmentation technique that increases drug penetration across the skin layers by delivering a mo...

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Principais autores:	Kailasa Thrishul, Selvaraju Sellamuthu, Sangeethapriya Subbu, B. Jaison, A. Ahilan, M. Mohamed Sithik, L. Maceal Tony
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado:	Springer 2026-02-01
Series:	International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems
Assuntos:	Transdermal drug delivery Iontophoresis Equivalent-spine-leaf hybrid ladder circuit Hybrid optimisation algorithm Brinkman flow
Acceso en liña:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9
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