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Effectiveness of Kaolinite with and Without Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) in Removing Toxic <i>Alexandrium minutum</i>

<i>Alexandrium</i> spp. blooms and paralytic shellfish poisoning pose serious economic threats to coastal communities and aquaculture. This study evaluated the removal efficiency of two <i>Alexandrium minutum</i> strains using natural kaolinite clay (KNAC) and kaolinite with polyaluminum chloride (K...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: Cherono Sheilah Kwambai, Houda Ennaceri, Alan J. Lymbery, Damian W. Laird, Jeff Cosgrove, Navid Reza Moheimani
Format: Artigo
Sprache:Inglês
Veröffentlicht: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Schriftenreihe:Toxins
Schlagworte:
harmful algal blooms
removal rates
zeta potential
cost estimate
<i>Alexandrium</i> spp.
modified clays
Online-Zugang:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/8/395
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