Cosmic strings in multi-step symmetry breaking

Abstract We investigate cosmic strings arising from a hierarchical gauge symmetry breaking sequence, SU(2) × U(1) → U(1) × U(1) → U(1)′ → Nothing. This pattern gives rise to two distinct classes of cosmic strings: light, stable strings formed at a later stage, and heavy, metastable strings originati...

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Principais autores:	Akifumi Chitose, Masahiro Ibe, Satoshi Shirai, Yaxuan Wen
Format:	Artigo
Jezik:	Inglês
Izdano:	SpringerOpen 2026-02-01
Serija:	Journal of High Energy Physics
Teme:	Phase Transitions in the Early Universe Cosmology of Theories BSM Solitons Monopoles and Instantons
Online dostop:	https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2026)166
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