Comparative Statistical Detection of Ionospheric GPS-TEC Anomalies Associated with the 2021 Haiti and 2022 Cyprus Earthquakes

Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived ionospheric electron concentration measurements provide a powerful observational framework for seismo-electromagnetic studies, enabling quantitative investigation of lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling processes through statistically detectable perturba...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Sanjoy Kumar Pal, Kousik Nanda, Soumen Sarkar, Stelios M. Potirakis, Masashi Hayakawa, Sudipta Sasmal
Format:	Artigo
Language:	Inglês
Published:	MDPI AG 2026-03-01
Series:	Geosciences
Subjects:	lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) electromagnetic irregularities Global Positioning System (GPS) Total Electron Content (TEC) statistical analysis
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/16/3/129
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