Underwater Noise in Offshore Wind Farms: Monitoring Technologies, Acoustic Characteristics, and Long-Term Adaptive Management

The rapid global expansion of offshore wind energy (OWE) has established it as a critical component of the renewable energy transition; however, this development concurrently introduces significant underwater noise pollution into marine ecosystems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the a...

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Egile Nagusiak:	Peibin Zhu, Zhenquan Hu, Haoting Li, Meiling Dai, Jiali Chen, Zhuanqiong Hu, Xiaomei Xu
Formatua:	Artigo
Hizkuntza:	Inglês
Argitaratua:	MDPI AG 2026-01-01
Saila:	Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Gaiak:	underwater noise offshore wind farms passive acoustic monitoring marine bioacoustics particle motion adaptive management
Sarrera elektronikoa:	https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/14/3/274
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