Breakthrough Infection After a Primary Series of COVID-19 Vaccination Induces Stronger Humoral Immunity and Equivalent Cellular Immunity to the Spike Protein Compared with Booster Shots

<b>Background:</b> The long-term immune implications of administering more than four doses of COVID-19 vaccine and the impact of breakthrough infections are not fully understood. <b>Research Design and Methods:</b> We conducted a follow-up cohort study on Japanese healthcare workers who received mor...

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Auteurs principaux:	Yoshifumi Uwamino, Takashi Yokoyama, Yasunori Sato, Shiho Tanaka, Yuka Kamoshita, Ayako Shibata, Toshinobu Kurafuji, Akiko Tanabe, Tomoko Arai, Akemi Ohno, Ho Namkoong, Tomoyasu Nishimura, Masatoshi Wakui, Mitsuru Murata, Naoki Hasegawa, Hiromichi Matsushita
Format:	Artigo
Langue:	Inglês
Publié:	MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Collection:	Vaccines
Sujets:	booster effect BNT162b2 vaccine breakthrough infection cellular immunity humoral immunity immune response
Accès en ligne:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/751
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