1D–3D coupling model Hopf bifurcation active power anomaly detection approximate entropy bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics cascaded reservoirs change point detection chaotic particle swarms method comprehensive deterioration index cosine similarity degradation trend prediction doubly-fed variable speed pumped storage power station doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage ensemble empirical mode decomposition facility agriculture fractional order PID controller (FOPID) gated recurrent unit high proportional renewable power system hybrid system hydraulic PTO hydraulic oil viscosity hydro power hydropower units light gradient boosting machine long and short-term neural network low water head conditions maximal information coefficient maximum information coefficient