ADN ANP-CRITIC DPSO macro zoning HESS MOPSO MREPS Metals technology / metallurgy Nash equilibrium REOF Schwarz–Christoffel transformation (SCT) Stackelberg game artificial neural network auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network bagging blind number theory city regional integrated energy system class imbalance problem cogging effect commutation failure prevention commutation failure suppression consumer psychology convertible load deep residual shrinkage network demand response direct drive wind turbine distributed magnetic circuit method (DMCM) electromagnetic vibration energy markets evaluation extended Kalman filter