MSWI bottom ash Steel Fiber Reinforced Mortar UHPFRC aggressive environment basalt bridges case study cement replacement concrete concrete overlay concrete properties creep digital microscopy drying and autogenous shrinkage durability energy performance of buildings environmental assessment existing beams existing infrastructures flexural strength fly ash freeze-thaw cycles mechanical properties moment–curvature relationship mortars multilayer coating n/a point thermal bridges pozzolanic activity precast elements