35CrMo steel G20Mn5QT steel Mg-Zn-Ca alloy Poisson’s ratio annealing twin austenitic low-density steel cooling intensity crack initiation mechanism damage initiation damage mechanism deformation mechanism digital image correlation discontinuous yielding ductile-to-brittle transition range electrical discharge machining electron beam melting face-centered cubic metal fatigue fatigue strength fatigue strength prediction film cooling hole finite element simulation grain boundary engineering heat transfer coefficient heat treatment high-cycle fatigue low-carbon steel low-strength tee master curve mechanical property