Bayesian a priori procedure confidence intervals economics pedagogy equivalence estimation hypothesis testing market failure minimum-effect model averaging model specification model testing n/a non-inferiority null hypothesis significance testing p-value p-values point-null hypothesis testing pretest estimator profit maximization regression analysis replication crisis replications reporting results (p-values) t-statistic teaching of econometrics thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History zero probability paradox