Markovian queueing network Monte Carlo simulation agent-based simulation assignment problem automated parcel lockers biased-randomized heuristics clustering composite priority rules container terminal discrete event simulation discrete-event simulation distribution networks dockless bike-sharing system e-groceries facility location Problems fuzzy logic genetic algorithm guidance, navigation, and control heuristics horizontal cooperation horizontal transportation hybrid flow shop hybrid modeling hyper-parameter optimization last-mile delivery liner network design local search location routing problem logistics machine learning