Ag nanoparticles Galinstan I-V characteristics Joule heating Liquid-Metal NEMS quality NOx ReRAM T1-995 TA1-2040 TLM active-screen plasma sputtering (ASPS) technology additive manufacturing aerosol biochar capacitance carbon Inks carbon black carbon fibers carbon fibres carbon nanofibers carbon nanofibres (CNFs) carbon nanofillers carbon nanotube carbon nanotube (CNT) carbon nanotubes carbon phase transition carbon soot carbon structure differentiation carbon-based material