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The Role of Maternal Smoking in Effect of Fetal Growth Restriction on Poor Scholastic Achievement in Elementary School

Fetal growth restriction and maternal smoking during pregnancy are independently implicated in lowering intellectual attainment in children. We hypothesized that only reduction of fetal growth that is attributable to extrinsic causes (e.g., maternal smoking) affects intellectual development of a chi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Burstyn, Igor, Kuhle, Stefan, Allen, Alexander C., Veugelers, Paul
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: MDPI 2012
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3315254/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470300
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9020408
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