Gingival Pigmentation Affected by Smoking among Different Age Groups: A Quantitative Analysis of Gingival Pigmentation Using Clinical Oral Photographs

The presence of any age-related differences in gingival pigmentation associated with smoking, particularly in a young population, remains to be fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related differences in smoking gingival pigmentation. Gingival pigmentation was analy...

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Главные авторы: Tomotaka Kato, Shinsuke Mizutani, Hiroya Takiuchi, Seiichi Sugiyama, Takashi Hanioka, Toru Naito
Формат: Artigo
Язык:Inglês
Опубликовано: MDPI AG 2017-08-01
Серии:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Предметы:
gingival melanosis
age difference
smoking
clinical oral photographs
Online-ссылка:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/8/880
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