CO2 storage CCS CO2 CO2 adsorption CO2 capture CO2 capture process CO2 emissions CO2 ocean geological storage CO2 sequestration CO2-EOR CSF DDGS EAF slag EDA Eulerian–Lagrangian two-phase model Monte Carlo NO reduction NOx emission Numerical modelling Portugal Qinghai province SEM analysis Sines massif acid hydrolysis acid-catalyzed wet torrefaction adsorption agricultural inputs agricultural land agricultural policies barley straw