1-bit unit cell Internet of Things (IoT) UAV UAV network adaptive beam focusing buffer clustering coding metasurface computation offloading constraint Markov decision process (CMDP) cooperative communications energy energy efficiency energy harvesting energy-neutral operation lyapunov optimization mobile edge computing offloading optimization power control relay simultaneous wireless information and power transfer space division thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology topology control wireless power transfer wireless powered sensor network