3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) BC Cd (II) CuFe2O4 nano-particles CuFe2O4/PANI composite Freundlich Langmuir Langmuir isotherm N doped carbon dots Temkin acetamiprid pesticide adsorbent adsorption adsorption capacity (qe) agriculture waste alginate beads ammonia ammonium recovery bioavailability biochar biomass waste bioremediation breakthrough curve carbon carbon-silicon interaction chitosan copper defluoridation dyes enzymatic hydrolysis lignin